Description: This article looks at changes in life spans and retirement ages. The changes are completely out of sync. The history of retirement and retirement ages is reviewed. The article finds that while life spans were increasing for many years, retirement ages were dropping and then they had a modest increase recently. There are parallel issues in many countries and some international data is provided. The issue of working as part of retirement and phased retirement are introduced. The article concludes that more change is needed and that the failure to keep retirement ages updated is one of the reasons for the decline in defined benefit plans.

Description: Abstract for Contribution of Familial Longevity to Living to 100

Description: The author constructed the efficient frontier of new business sales by modeling the embedded value and economic capital against a universe of possible growth rates of the three lines of business in a typical three-year planning horizon. The ERM function can use the efficient frontier of new business to provide a more rigorous analysis of the impact of growth rates on the firm’s overall capital efficiency and value creation, hence forming a feedback loop with the businesses in the planning process to optimize the growth strategy.

Description: Mortality in the U.S. states at ages 80 and older and over years 1959–2011 analyzed and compared with mortality levels in 13 high-longevity countries.

Description: We ask whether we can find support for the previously reported upper limit of the force of mortality of 0.7, i.e. about the probability of tossing a fair coin.

Description: Chapter 2 reviews previous research in the area of health risk assessment. From A Comparative Analysis of Methods of Health Risk Assessment, M-HB96-1.

Description: This is an abstract for the paper, Analysis of Costs for a Chronic Disease with Acute High Cost Episodes by Marjorie Rosenberg and Philip Farrell.

Description: Does disease management DM positively influence health care costs? According to three prestigious sources, the answer is no. From Financing Chronic Care Monograph, M-HB05-1.

Description: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an excellent model for assessing the setup of medical coverage in the U.S. health care system. It is a chronic disease that has genetic, behavioral and other medical causes, and causes many complications over the long term. From Financing Chronic Care Monograph, M-HB05-1.